Pneumonia

DR MANOJ K GOEL

Comprehensive healthcare services for respiratory and sleep medicine

Understanding Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an acute infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The infection causes the air sacs to fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. Pneumonia symptoms range from mild to severe and typically include cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Older adults, children, and people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to severe pneumonia complications.
Causes and Symptoms of Pneumonia
Pneumonia develops when pathogens enter the lungs and trigger inflammation. Bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, whereas viral pneumonia can be caused by influenza viruses or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Fungal pneumonia may occur in immunocompromised individuals exposed to fungi like Histoplasma or Pneumocystis. Symptoms vary but often include productive cough, chest pain, rapid breathing, and fatigue. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications such as respiratory failure or sepsis.
Diagnosing and Treating Pneumonia
Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, chest X-ray or CT scan to visualize lung abnormalities, and laboratory tests such as sputum culture to identify the causative organism. Treatment depends on the type and severity of pneumonia but generally includes antibiotics for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral pneumonia, and supportive care to manage symptoms. Hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases, providing oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids. Prevention strategies include vaccination against common pathogens (e.g., pneumococcus, influenza), practicing good hygiene, and managing underlying health conditions to reduce pneumonia risk.

Identifying Symptoms of Pneumonia

Key Indicators of Acute Lung Infection

Persistent Cough: Often productive with yellow, green, or bloody mucus
High Fever and Chills: Temperature often exceeding 100.4°F (38°C)
Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, even at rest
Chest Pain: Sharp or stabbing pain worsened by deep breathing or coughing
Fatigue and Weakness: Profound tiredness and decreased energy levels

Vulnerable Populations Most Affected by Pneumonia

High-Risk Groups Prone to Acute Lung Infection

Elderly adults, particularly those over 65 years
Children under 5 years, especially infants
Individuals with weakened immune systems
Smokers and individuals with chronic lung diseases
People with underlying medical conditions like diabetes or heart disease

Preventing Pneumonia: Effective Strategies for Respiratory Health

Key Measures to Reduce Infection Risk

Vaccination against pneumococcus and influenza viruses
Practicing good hand hygiene, especially during flu season
Avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease
Promoting a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and balanced nutrition

Why People Choose Us?

Trust Dr. Manoj Kumar Goel for Advanced Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine Expertise

Expert Training: Advanced Pulmonology diplomas from France, Belgium, Australia
Leadership Role: Principal Director at Fortis Gurgaon Pulmonology Unit
Proven Expertise: 25 publications in national and international journals
Innovative Pioneer: Introduced noninvasive ventilation and sleep medicine in India
Renowned Speaker: Prominent speaker and course director at national conferences